Is Klinefelter syndrome an intellectual disability?

Intellectual disability occurs in males with Klinefelter syndrome variants, who have a higher number of X chromosomes. About 70% of patients have minor developmental and learning disabilities.

Why does Klinefelter have high estrogen?

The hormonal consequences of the Klinefelter karyotype is development of hypergonadotropic hypogonadism with decreased levels of androgens causing a feedback-mediated increased pituitary secretion of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone causing a relative increase in estrogen levels, resulting in …

Is Klinefelter a DSD?

Doctors call this sex chromosome DSD. One type is Klinefelter syndrome, which is where a boy is born with an extra X chromosome (XXY). This can mean they do not produce the usual level of testosterone, the sex hormone responsible for the development of male characteristics, such as the testes and body hair.

Does Klinefelter syndrome cause mental retardation?

Klinefelter syndrome (KS) has not typically been associated with mental retardation (MR), however, in recent years a growing body of evidence suggested that KS boys often experience language deficits and academic difficulties.

Is DSD the same as intersex?

A DSD is a mismatch between a child’s chromosomes, or genetic material, and the appearance of the child’s genitals. A child may present with a DSD in infancy, childhood or adolescence. Previously, DSDs were called “intersex” conditions.

Can people with DSD get pregnant?

There are 12 reported cases of spontaneous pregnancy in ovotesticular DSD patients and almost all had surgical removal of the testicular tissue before pregnancy. Surprisingly, all the fetuses have been male, and most pregnancies had the complications of preterm labor, neonatal death, or problems in delivery [105,106].

Is Klinefelter syndrome considered intersex?

Other intersex conditions, including the last four conditions listed above—complete androgen insensitivity, Klinefelter syndrome, Turner syndrome, and vaginal agenesis—usually do not result in ambigu- ous genitals and may not be recognized at birth.

What doctor treats Klinefelter?

If you or your son is diagnosed with Klinefelter syndrome, your health care team may include a doctor who specializes in diagnosing and treating disorders involving the body’s glands and hormones (endocrinologist), a speech therapist, a pediatrician, a physical therapist, a genetic counselor, a reproductive medicine or …

Is DSD a hermaphrodite?

DSD is an acronym for “Disorders of Sex Development.” Defined as “congenital conditions in which development of chromosomal, gonadal, or anatomical sex is atypical,” DSD was designed to replace archaic terms “true hermaphrodite” and male and female “pseudo-hermaphrodite,” as well as the imprecise term “intersex.”

Is Klinefelter syndrome intersex?

Which parent is responsible for Klinefelter’s syndrome?

Klinefelter syndrome stems from a random genetic event. The risk of Klinefelter syndrome isn’t increased by anything a parent does or doesn’t do. For older mothers, the risk is higher but only slightly.

How does Klinefelter syndrome affect a person’s life?

Klinefelter syndrome may adversely affect testicular growth, resulting in smaller than normal testicles, which can lead to lower production of testosterone. The syndrome may also cause reduced muscle mass, reduced body and facial hair, and enlarged breast tissue.